Back Soreness
    1. Always check the back, muscle soreness or saddle sores can show
    lameness
    2. Trot horse with rider on and off

Pelvis
    1. Fractures
    2. Dropped hip
    3. Sacroiliac dislocation

II. Foreleg

A. Most lamenesses are seen here, this leg bears 65% of the weight of the horse
1. Feet
    a. Laminitis- 
    b. Navicular Disease
        -Seen in upright small footed horse
        -Caused from long term pounding
        Treatment
        -Corrective shoeing
        -Antinflammatories 
        -Isoxuprine
    c. Coffin Bone Fracture
    d. Sole Abscess- Sudden onset, extreme lameness
           Due to penetrating wounds or soft cracked soles
    e. Gravel
            -Infection from sole abscess located on the white line, travels up hoof and
             breaks open at coronary band- Seen commonly with Seedy Toe
        Treatment
            a. Pare out abscess and flush
            b. Wrap foot or Easy Boot
            c. Antibiotics and tetanus 
    f. Cracks-Toe, quarter, heel

2. Pastern
    a. Ringbone
    -Due to chronic tearing of tendons where they attach to the pastern bones
        1. High- on 1st Phalanx
        2. Low- on 2nd Phalanx
        3. Usually will quiet down with time- Bute 'em and ride 'em
        4. Firing- Not done anymore

3. Fetlock
Osselets- Traumatic arthritis of fetlock joint
    a. Hard worked horses
Treatment
    1. Antinflammatories (Bute, Steriods, Adequan)
    2. Rest and support
    3. Shoeing

Sesamoiditis and Sesamoid Fractures
    a. Swelling and pain over back of fetlock
    b. Treatment- Rest, possible surgery

Wind Puffs
-Soft swelling, non painful- cosmetic

4. Cannon Bone (Metacarpus)
    a. Buck Shin (Shin splints)
        1. Microfractures of front surface of bone
        2. Due to chronic pounding
        3. Treatment- Rest, wraps, firing 
    b. Splints
        1. Tearing of ligament between cannon bone and splint bone 
            a. Usually resolve with time
            b. Leaves small hard bump 
    c. Splint Fractures
        1. Intermittent recurring swelling on side of cannon bone with lameness
        Treatment- surgery
    d. Bowed Tendons
    e. Suspensory Ligament Injuries

5. Knee (Carpus)
    Fractures of the knee
    a. Seen in race horses due to hyperextension

6. Elbow
    Fracture of the Ulna
    a. Dropped elbow
    Radial nerve paralysis
    a. Can look the same as fracture
    Shoe boil or capped elbow
    a. Swelling and fluid over point of elbow from laying down

7. Shoulder
    Muscle soreness- Tying up
    Arthritis
    Fractures

III. Hind Leg

A. Foot- same as front

B. Pastern, Fetlock and Cannon Bone- same as front
-Less commonly have problems in hind leg

C. Hock
    Spavin
    a. Bone Spavin- Arthritis in hock from chronic wear and tear
    b. Bog Spavin- Fluid in the joint, usually not painful, straight hind leg
    Fractures
    Curb- Thickening of plantar ligament (Sickle Hock Conformation) 
    OCD- Young horses, results in bog spavin
    String Halt- Involuntary flexion of hock during walking

D. Stifle
    Upward fixation of the patella
    a. Young straight legged horses and ponies
    b. Treatment- Muscle up in sand and on hills;Surgery
    OCD-Soft swelling in stifle joint with lameness 
    a. Young, fast growing horses
    b. Treatment- Reduce energy of feed; Surgery 
    Fibrotic Myopathy
    a. Scarring and calcification of hamstring muscles
        1. Can be palpated
        2. Shortened stride- Foot jerks backward
        3. Treatment- Surgery

E. Pelvis / Buttocks
1. Muscle pulls, soreness, Tying Up Syndrome
    a. Pain and tension in butt muscles
    b. Treatment- Rest, DMSO and antinflammatories

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